Don’t assume sizeof (size_t) == 4 in allocators

Don’t assume sizeof (size_t) == 4 in allocators

This removes some old 32-bit assumptions in Emacs allocator tuning,
and improves performance of ‘make compile-always’ by about 7% on a
couple of 64-bit GNU/Linux platforms I tried it on.  It should not
affect performance on 32-bit platforms.
* src/alloc.c (MALLOC_SIZE_NEAR): New macro.
(MALLOC_ALIGNMENT): New constant.
(INTERVAL_BLOCK_SIZE, SBLOCK_SIZE, STRING_BLOCK_SIZE): Use the new
macro.  Make these enum constants since they need not be macros.